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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an electric arc blow-molding nozzle (20) comprising a medial portion (27) of a first dielectric material and two end portions (9, 11). The nozzle (20) comprises an insert (22) made of a second dielectric material, distinct from the first dielectric material and chosen from: a composite material obtained from a composition comprising a fluorocarbon polymer matrix and at least one inorganic filler A selected from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, in a mass proportion of between 0.1% and 10%, and / or an inorganic filler B chosen from Al2O3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, in a mass proportion of between 5% and 50%, relative to the total weight of the composition, and a ceramic material obtained from a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and an oxide. The invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising such a nozzle (20).
    公开号:FR3053524A1
    申请号:FR1656086
    申请日:2016-06-29
    公开日:2018-01-05
    发明作者:Roger Ledru；Daniel VIGOUROUX
    申请人:General Electric Technology GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to an electric arc blowing nozzle intended to be incorporated in a high voltage circuit breaker, this voltage typically being between 52 kV and 800 kV.
    The invention also relates to a high voltage circuit breaker equipped with such an electric arc blowing nozzle.
    PRIOR STATE OF THE ART
    An electric arc blast circuit breaker comprises at least two arcing contacts axially movable relative to each other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts are separated from one another. other and a circuit breaker closing position in which the arcing contacts are in contact with each other, an electric arc blast nozzle, and an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the nozzle for cut an electric arc likely to form during the displacement of the arcing contacts from the closed position to the open position of the circuit breaker.
    A conventional electric arc blast nozzle includes the following parts:
    a middle part forming a neck internally delimiting an axial arc cutoff passage and formed by a dielectric material obtained from a composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer, and
    - two end parts extending on either side of the middle part and being respectively intended to receive arcing contacts axially displaceable relative to each other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts are separated from each other and a circuit breaker closing position in which the arcing contacts are in contact with each other and in which one of the arc closes the axial passage of the middle part, an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the axial passage of the middle part to cut an electric arc capable of forming during the displacement of the arcing contacts from the closed position to the circuit breaker open position.
    The dielectric material of the middle part of the nozzle is conventionally obtained from a composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
    To cut an electric arc, an arc blast circuit breaker uses a breaking gas formed by an insulating dielectric gas. This cut-off gas is supplied from a blowing chamber in the axial passage of the middle part of an electric arc blowing nozzle as described above. The function of such a nozzle is to channel the electric arc and, in so doing, to increase the pressure of the breaking gas in the vicinity of the electric arc, thereby promoting the breaking of the latter.
    Currently, the most frequently used cut-off gas in this type of circuit breaker is sulfur hexafluoride SFê, due to the exceptional physical properties of this gas. However, SFê has the major drawback of being a very powerful greenhouse effect, with particularly high warming.
    Among the alternatives SFê as a cut-off gas, various gases whose global warming potential (GWP) is lower than that of SFê are known, such as dry air or even a gas with potential: prgi global the use of
    Nitrogen
    A particularly advantageous breaking gas is carbon dioxide CO2 because of its strong power of electrical insulation and extinction of electric arcs. CO2 is also non-toxic, non-flammable, has a very low GWP and, moreover, an easy supply.
    CO2 can be used alone or in the form of a gas mixture, of which it constitutes the majority gas called carrier gas.
    The density of CO2 being lower than that of SF 6 and the speed of sound in CO2 being higher than that in SFê, we observe that the blowing pressure of the electric arc decreases earlier and faster with CO2 than with SFê as the breaking gas.
    Due to this relatively faster drop in the arc pressure of the arc with CO2, cutting the short-circuit current by CO2 is more difficult to achieve than with SF 6 , especially on times d long arc. The blowing pressure of the CO2 may, under these conditions, not be sufficient to allow the breaking of the electric arc.
    To remedy this drawback and allow efficient arc cutting, the arc blowing pressure must necessarily be higher when CO2 is used, instead of SF 6 , as the cutting gas.
    To increase this electric arc blowing pressure, and thus avoid pressure loss over long arc times, several solutions have been proposed.
    A first solution consists in proposing a circuit breaker operating with CO2 having a larger volume of pistoning than a circuit breaker operating with SF 6 . Such a circuit breaker operating with CO2 thus has an enlarged section of the piston necessitating increasing the energy of the control in order to obtain the adequate blowing pressure for cutting off the electric arc.
    The drawback of this first solution lies in the fact that such a circuit breaker has, by construction, larger dimensions than a conventional circuit breaker operating with SF6, thus making the circuit breaker operating with CO2 more expensive than that operating with SF 6 .
    A second solution consists in using the energy of the electric arc to increase the thermal effect, and therefore the pressure in the blowing chamber, so as to reinforce the arc blowing over long arc times. This increase in the thermal effect is possible by achieving confinement of the breaking area of the electric arc. To this end, the cross section of the electric arc cutoff axial passage of the middle part of the nozzle is reduced to promote the pressure rise of the cutoff gas in the blowing chamber and increase the blowing pressure of this blast gas. cut in this axial arc cutting passage.
    The disadvantage of this second solution lies in the fact that, for high arc energies, a strong erosion of the material constituting the nozzle, conventionally made of PTFE, is observed during the breaking of short-circuit currents. . If the choice of PTFE contributes to the rise in pressure of the blowing chamber by degassing and injection of the ablated vapors, mainly composed of C2F4 and M0S2, under the action of the intense radiation of the electric arc, none remains not less than the section of the axial cut-off passage of the central part of the nozzle increases greatly with wear, therefore affecting the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker after several cuts.
    The object of the invention is therefore to provide a new arc blowing nozzle which overcomes the drawbacks of the arc blowing nozzles of the prior art.
    In particular, this new nozzle must make it possible to equip a circuit breaker operating with any type of cutting gas, in particular, and for obvious environmental reasons, with cutting gases having a global warming potential lower than that of SF 6 and , in particular, with CO2 alone or with a gas mixture comprising CO2 as carrier gas.
    This new nozzle must also make it possible to equip such a circuit breaker without significant increase in the size of the latter and in the absence of significant additional cost, while ensuring excellent electrical arc breaking performance, such performance being included , moreover, over time.
    STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    These previously stated aims as well as others are achieved, firstly, by an electric arc blowing nozzle for circuit breaker of the aforementioned type, that is to say by a nozzle comprising:
    a middle part forming a neck internally delimiting an axial arc cutoff passage and formed by a first dielectric material obtained from a first composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer, and
    - two end parts extending on either side of the middle part and being respectively intended to receive arcing contacts axially displaceable relative to each other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts are separated from each other and a circuit breaker closing position in which the arcing contacts are in contact with each other and in which one of the arc closes the axial passage of the middle part, an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the axial passage of the middle part to cut an electric arc capable of forming during the displacement of the arcing contacts from the closed position to the circuit breaker open position.
    According to the invention, the nozzle comprises an insert delimiting a downstream zone of the axial passage of the middle part by considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas, the insert being formed by a second dielectric material, distinct from the first dielectric material and chosen from:
    a composite material obtained from a second composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and:
    . at least one inorganic filler A chosen from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, in a mass proportion of between 0.1% and 10%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and / or . at least one inorganic filler B chosen from AI2O3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, preferably CaF2, in a mass proportion of between 5% and 50%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and
    - a ceramic material obtained from a third composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and an oxide.
    The presence of an insert formed by the second dielectric material as described above and located in a downstream area of the axial passage of the middle part of the nozzle makes it possible to give the nozzle resistance to the thermal erosion observed in the nozzles conventionally made of PTFE, while maintaining the cross section of this axial passage at the level of this downstream zone of said insert, regardless of the wear of the first dielectric material, the number of cuts and / or the intensity of the current short circuit.
    As described above, in a first alternative embodiment of the nozzle according to the invention, the second dielectric material which forms the insert can be a composite material obtained from a second composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and at minus an inorganic filler, this inorganic filler (s) being selected both from the point of view of their nature and their mass proportion relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    In the context of the present invention, the term matrix signifies that the fluorocarbon polymer constitutes the compound whose mass proportion, in the composition considered, is predominant. This mass proportion is advantageously at least 50% and, preferably, at least 75%.
    In this first variant, the fluorocarbon polymer of the second composition can be advantageously chosen from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
    Preferably, this fluorocarbon polymer is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
    According to a first version, the second composition comprises a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and at least one inorganic filler A chosen from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, the mass proportion of this or these fillers then being between 0.1% and 10%, relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    In an advantageous variant of this first version, the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A is between 0.2% and 5% and, preferably, between 0.5% and 3%, relative to the mass total of the second composition.
    When the inorganic filler A is a sulphide, it can be chosen from M0S2, Sb2Ss and Sb 2 S 3 .
    When the inorganic filler A is an oxide, it can be chosen from S1O2, T1O2, AI2C0O4, ZnO, BaTiO 3 and P2O5.
    When the inorganic filler A is a ceramic, it can be chosen from boron nitride BN and a mixture B2O 3 -ZnO-Nb2O 3 .
    In an advantageous variant, the inorganic charge A is chosen from M0S2, Sb2Ss, Sb2S 3 , BN, S1O2, T1O2, AI2C0O4, ZnO, BaTiO 3 , P2O5 and Bi 2 O 3 -ZnO-Nb2O 3 .
    In a more particularly preferred variant, the inorganic filler A is chosen from S1O2 and BN. Indeed, these two inorganic fillers give the insert, and therefore the nozzle, a resistance to intense radiation from the arc, which is particularly effective.
    In a particularly even more preferred electrical variant, when the inorganic charge A is S1O2, this charge is in the form of particles having a particle size less than or equal to 10 μm and, preferably, between 0.5 μm and 5 μm.
    According to a second version, the second composition comprises a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and at least one inorganic filler B chosen from Al 2 O 3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, the mass proportion of this or these inorganic fillers B then being included between 5% and 50%, relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    In a variant advantageous of this second version, the proportion mass of charge (s) inorganic (s) B East understood between 10% and 30% and,
    preferably, between 15% and 25%, relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    When the inorganic filler B is a fluoride, it is preferably CaF2.
    In an advantageous variant of this second version, the inorganic filler B is chosen from A1 2 O 3 and CaF 2 .
    The second composition for obtaining this second dielectric material may comprise only a single inorganic filler A or B.
    However, whether in its first or second version, the second composition can also comprise a mixture of two, three, or even more, inorganic fillers A and / or B, it being specified that these mixtures may only include inorganic fillers A or as inorganic fillers B. But these mixtures can also comprise one or more inorganic fillers A and one or more inorganic fillers B.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the insert is made of a composite material which comprises the same mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B in the matrix of fluorocarbon polymer.
    According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the insert is made of a composite material which has a gradient of mass proportions of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B in the fluorocarbon polymer matrix which increases in the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    In a second alternative embodiment of the nozzle according to the invention, the second dielectric material which forms the insert can be a ceramic material obtained from a third composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and a oxide.
    The third composition making it possible to obtain this ceramic material may comprise only one compound, but it may also comprise a mixture of two, three, or even more, compounds.
    When this compound is a carbide, this carbide can in particular be chosen from a silicon carbide SiC, a zirconium carbide ZrC and a hafnium carbide HfC.
    When this compound is a boride, this boride can in particular be chosen from a zirconium diboride ZrE> 2 and a hafnium diboride HfE> 2.
    When this compound is an oxide, this oxide can in particular be chosen from a silicon dioxide, or silica, S1O2 and a zirconium dioxide ZrC> 2.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the compound of the third composition is chosen from SiC, ZrC, HfC, ZrE> 2, HfE> 2, S1O2 and ZrO2. The third composition may consist of only one compound. For example, the ceramic material may only be formed from silica S1O2, silicon carbide SiC or even zirconium dioxide ZrO2, which are all compounds resistant to high temperatures.
    The third composition can also consist of a mixture of two, three, or even more of these compounds alone.
    Conversely, in addition to the compound (s) of the carbide, boride and oxide type which have just been mentioned, the third composition making it possible to obtain this ceramic material can, in addition, comprise at least one inorganic filler.
    This third composition may comprise only a single inorganic filler but also a mixture of two, three, or even more, inorganic fillers.
    A more particularly preferred inorganic filler is Sic, in the case where the compound is not itself Sic.
    Whether the second dielectric material of the insert is a composite material according to the first embodiment or a ceramic material according to the second embodiment, the first dielectric material of the middle part of the nozzle is a material obtained from a first composition comprising a fluorocarbon polymer matrix, which has good mechanical properties and thermal resistance.
    Like the fluorocarbon polymer of the second composition, the fluorocarbon polymer of the first composition can be advantageously chosen from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and is, of preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene.
    The first composition from which the first dielectric material is obtained may consist only of one or more fluorocarbon polymers and therefore not include an inorganic filler.
    However, this first composition can completely comprise, in addition, at least one inorganic filler in a mass proportion, relative to the total mass of the first composition, less than or equal to 10%, except in the event that the inorganic filler C is chosen from inorganic fillers A and / or B, in which case the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) C is strictly less than the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B of the second composition.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) C in the first composition is between 0.01% and 5% and, preferably, between 0.1% and 2% , relative to the total mass of the first composition.
    The inorganic filler C of the first composition can be chosen from a fluoride such as CaF 2 , a sulfide such as MoS 2 , Sb 2 Ss or Sb 2 S 3 , an oxide such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , A1 2 O 3 , Al 2 CoC> 4, ZnO, BaTiO 3 or P 2 Os, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a ceramic such as boron nitride BN or a mixture of Bi 2 O 3 -ZnO-Nb 2 O 3 .
    In an advantageous variant of the invention, the inorganic filler C of the first composition can be chosen from the same inorganic fillers A and / or B mentioned above for the second composition.
    In a preferred variant of the invention, the inorganic filler C of the first composition is chosen from MoS 2 and Al 2 Co04.
    As previously indicated for the first dielectric material of the middle part of the nozzle, whether the second dielectric material of the insert is a composite material according to the first embodiment or a ceramic material according to the second embodiment, the two parts d the end of the nozzle may be made of a dielectric material which also has good mechanical and thermal resistance properties.
    In a particular embodiment of the invention, the two end parts of the nozzle are made of a dielectric material also obtained from a fourth composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and, where appropriate, at least one filler inorganic.
    For fluorocarbon polymers, the inorganic fillers and their mass proportions suitable for this fourth composition, reference may be made to what has been previously described with regard to fluorocarbon polymers and inorganic fillers suitable for the first composition allowing the first dielectric material to be obtained. of the middle part of the nozzle.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the two end parts of the nozzle are formed by the first dielectric material of this middle part of the nozzle.
    In this advantageous embodiment, it is in particular conceivable to manufacture, in a single piece, the assembly formed by the two end parts and the middle part for its part formed by the first dielectric material, excluding 1 'insert.
    In another embodiment, the nozzle according to the invention may further comprise a sheath disposed on the external surface of each of the two end parts and on that of the middle part forming a neck.
    Such a sheath can in particular make it possible to ensure the connection between the moving parts of a circuit breaker equipped with a nozzle according to the invention.
    Such a sheath can, for example, be put in place by machining, by molding or by overmolding on the end parts and on the middle part which form the nozzle.
    This sheath is advantageously made of a dielectric material which also has good mechanical properties and thermal resistance. The material described for the two end parts as well as the first dielectric material of the middle part of the nozzle are suitable as material constituting such a sheath.
    This dielectric material of the sheath can therefore comprise a fluorocarbon polymer such as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) or also a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and, where appropriate, one or more inorganic fillers.
    The dielectric material of the sheath can also comprise another polymer, for example a polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polysulfone (PSU), a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), a polyimide (PI) or even a polyetherimide (PEI).
    In one embodiment, the thickness of the sheath can represent up to 150% of the radius of the nozzle as measured at the middle part. This sheath thickness is advantageously between 50% and 100% and, preferably, between 70% and 80%, of the radius of the nozzle as measured at the middle part.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the length of the insert, which is present in the middle part of the nozzle, represents at most 30% of the total length of the middle part. This percentage in fact makes it possible to effectively and simultaneously maintain constant the section of the axial passage of the nozzle, at its downstream zone, as well as the rise in pressure of the blowing chamber by degassing and injection of the ablated vapors, mainly composed of C2F4 and M0S2, under the action of intense radiation from the electric arc, outside the downstream zone delimited by the insert.
    In an advantageous variant, this length of the insert in the middle part of the nozzle represents between 1% and 15% and, preferably, between 5% and 10% of the total length of the middle part.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the insert forms a section of the middle part.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the insert extends to the downstream end of the middle part.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the insert extends beyond the downstream end of the middle part in at least one zone of the internal peripheral surface of the end part arranged downstream, or even in the entirety of this internal peripheral surface of the end portion disposed downstream, considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    In this latter hypothesis, and that the second dielectric material of the insert is a composite material according to the first alternative embodiment or a ceramic material according to the second alternative embodiment, the end portion disposed upstream and, where appropriate, at least a portion of the end portion disposed downstream, are formed by the first dielectric material, the arrangement upstream and downstream of the end portions being considered in the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas .
    In an advantageous variant, this internal peripheral surface of the end portion disposed downstream, considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas is of frustoconical shape. Such a frustoconical shape has the particular advantage of optimizing the flow of the cutting gas.
    The invention relates, secondly, to a circuit breaker, and to a high voltage circuit breaker of the type comprising:
    - at least two arcing contacts axially movable relative to each other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts are separated from each other and a closed position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts are in contact with each other,
    - an electric arc blast nozzle, and
    - an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the axial passage of the middle part of the nozzle to cut an electric arc capable of forming when the arcing contacts move from the closed position to the open position of the circuit breaker.
    According to the invention, the electric arc blowing nozzle of such a circuit breaker is as defined above, that is to say that this nozzle comprises an insert delimiting a downstream zone of the axial passage of the middle part considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas, the insert being formed by a second dielectric material, distinct from the first dielectric material and chosen from:
    a composite material obtained from a second composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and:
    . at least one inorganic filler A chosen from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, in a mass proportion of between 0.1% and 10%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and / or . at least one inorganic filler B chosen from AI2O3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, preferably CaF2, in a mass proportion of between 5% and 50%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and
    - a ceramic material obtained from a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and an oxide.
    The advantageous characteristics described above for the electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention can of course be taken alone or in combination in connection with the circuit breaker according to the invention.
    The presence of the insert in the arc blowing nozzle makes it possible to obtain a significant improvement in the electrical endurance of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric arc breaking gas used in the circuit breaker according to the invention consists of carbon dioxide CO2 or is a gaseous mixture mainly comprising CO2. In particular, this gas mixture can consist of the breaking gas marketed by the company Alstom under the name g 3 (or green gas for grid).
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the electric arc breaking gas used in the circuit breaker according to the invention can also be a conventional breaking gas, such as sulfur hexafluoride SFê.
    Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows and which relates to two nozzle structures with electric arc blowing, one in accordance with the state of the art and the another according to the invention, as well as to various conceivable conformations for the insert of an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention.
    This detailed description, which refers in particular to Figures 1 to 7 as annexed, is given by way of illustration and does not in any way constitute a limitation of the subject of the invention.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the prior art.
    2 shows a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a first conformation.
    3 shows a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a second conformation.
    4 shows a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a third conformation.
    5 shows a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a fourth conformation and with a sheath.
    FIG. 6 represents a partial schematic view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a fifth conformation.
    FIG. 7 represents a schematic partial view in longitudinal section of a circuit breaker comprising an electric arc blowing nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle being provided with an insert according to a sixth conformation.
    It is specified that elements common to Figures 1 to 7 are identified by the same reference numeral.
    DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
    In Figure 1, there is shown a circuit breaker part. This circuit breaker includes:
    - At least two arcing contacts 1 and 3 axially movable relative to each other, along an axis A, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts 1 and 3 are separated from each other and a closing position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts 1 and 3 are in contact with each other, and an electric arc blowing nozzle 5 in accordance with prior art.
    This nozzle 5 comprises a middle part 7 forming a neck, an end part 9 disposed upstream and an end part 11 disposed downstream, the arrangement upstream and downstream of the end parts 9 and 11 being considered in the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas. These two end parts 9 and 11 extend on either side of the middle part 7. These parts 7, 9 and 11 have a symmetry of revolution about the axis A.
    The middle part 7 internally delimits an axial passage 13 for breaking an electric arc, this axial passage 13 comprising an inlet 13a and an outlet 13b. This middle part 7 is called the middle part 7 forming a neck, due to the internal section of this axial passage 13, which is smaller than the internal section of each of the end parts 9 and 11.
    The end parts 9 and 11 receive and surround the arcing contacts 1 and 3 respectively.
    The end part 9 disposed upstream makes it possible to channel the breaking gas situated upstream and intended to blow the electric arc, while the end part 11 arranged downstream has the function of evacuating and diffusing the gas blown and located downstream, upstream and downstream being defined with reference to the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    In FIG. 1, the arcing contacts 1 and 3 are separated from each other and therefore correspond to the open position of the circuit breaker.
    When the arcing contacts 1 and 3 are in contact with each other, in the closed position of the circuit breaker, the arcing contact 3 closes the axial passage 13 of the middle part 7.
    Between the arcing contact 1 and the wall of the end part 9 is disposed a conveying channel 15 of an electric arc breaking gas, allowing the circulation of this gas in the axial passage 13 of the part median 7, from its inlet 13a to its outlet 13b, for cutting an electric arc liable to form during the displacement of the arcing contacts 1 and 3 from the closed position to the open position of the circuit breaker.
    The end part 11 comprises a frustoconical part 11a arranged in the extension of the middle part 7 situated opposite the outlet 13b of the axial passage 13, this frustoconical part 11a being followed by a cylindrical part 11b.
    The middle part 7 forming the neck as well as the end parts 9 and 11 are formed from a first dielectric material, which has good mechanical properties and thermal resistance. Typically, this first dielectric material is obtained from a first composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer, conventionally a matrix of PTFE.
    This first composition may comprise one or more inorganic fillers C. When they are present, the inorganic filler (s) conventionally represent a mass proportion which can range up to 10% of the total mass of the first composition, this mass proportion being more generally between 0.01% and 5% relative to the total mass of the total mass of the first composition.
    In the same way as FIG. 1, FIG. 2 represents a part of a circuit breaker which comprises at least two arcing contacts 1 and 3 axially displaceable relative to each other, between an open position and a position closure, as well as an electric arc blowing nozzle 20 according to the invention.
    Like the nozzle 5 in FIG. 1, the nozzle 20 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 comprises a middle part 27 forming a neck and two end parts 9 and 11 extending on either side of the middle part. 27. This middle part 27 forming a neck internally delimits an axial passage 13 for breaking an electric arc provided with an inlet 13a and an outlet 13b.
    Unlike the nozzle 5 of FIG. 1, the nozzle 20 of FIG. 2 comprises an insert 22 delimiting a downstream zone 22a of the axial passage 13 of the middle part 27 by considering the direction of flow of the cutting gas, direction which is established from the inlet 13a towards the outlet 13b of the axial passage 13.
    In Figure 2, the insert 22 is in the form of a ring. However, nothing prohibits giving this insert a more complex shape.
    The insert 22 of the nozzle 20 according to the invention is formed by a second dielectric material, distinct from the first dielectric material forming the middle part 27 (insert 22 not included) and the end parts 9 and 11.
    This second dielectric material, which gives the insert 22 excellent resistance to radiation from the electric arc, is chosen from:
    a composite material obtained from a second composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and:
    . at least one inorganic filler A chosen from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, in a mass proportion of between 0.1% and 10%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and / or . at least one inorganic filler B chosen from AI2O3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, preferably CaF2, in a mass proportion of between 5% and 50%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and
    - a ceramic material obtained from a third composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and an oxide.
    Reference should be made to the chapter relating to the description of the invention for any clarification as to the different variants of second and third compositions which may be envisaged for obtaining these composite and ceramic materials constituting the second dielectric material. suitable for insert 22.
    As shown in FIG. 2, the length of the insert 22, considered along the axis A, represents less than 30% of the total length of the middle part 27.
    Nozzle 20 may be made by all process classic, by example by overmolding, sure The insert 22, parts median 27 and end 9 and 11.
    In Figure 3, there is shown a nozzle 30 according to the invention in which the middle part 37 comprises an insert 32 having another configuration.
    More specifically, the insert 32 constitutes a section of this middle part 37, which extends transversely from the internal surface of the axial passage 13 to the external surface of the middle part 37.
    In this representation of FIG. 3, the insert 32 further extends longitudinally to the downstream end 37a of the middle part 37.
    In Figure 4, there is shown a nozzle 40 according to the invention in which the middle part 47 comprises an insert 42 having another configuration.
    The insert 42 shown in FIG. 4 extends longitudinally beyond the downstream end 47a of the middle part 47 in a portion of the frustoconical part 41a of the end part 41. In doing so, the insert 42 is located in at least one zone of the internal peripheral surface of this frustoconical part 41a, thus allowing an optimization of the flow of the cutting gas.
    FIG. 5 represents a nozzle 50 according to the invention in which the central part 57 comprises an insert 52 which has another configuration.
    Like the insert 42 in FIG. 4, the insert 52 in FIG. 5 extends longitudinally beyond the downstream end 57a of the middle part 57 to the frustoconical part 51a of the end part 51 .
    The insert 52 also extends transversely from the internal surface of the axial passage to the external surface of the middle part 57 and from the internal surface to the external surface of the frustoconical part 51a.
    The nozzle 50 further comprises a sheath 54 disposed on the external surface of each of the two end parts 9 and 51 and of the middle part 57 forming a neck.
    FIG. 6 represents a nozzle 60 according to the invention in which the middle part 67 comprises an insert 62 which has another configuration.
    As in the case of the insert 52 shown in FIG. 5, the insert 62 of FIG. 6 extends longitudinally beyond the downstream end 67a of the middle part 67 and this, over the entire length of the end part 61.
    The insert 62 also extends transversely from the internal surface of the axial passage 13 to the external surface of the middle part 67 but also from the internal surfaces of the frustoconical parts 61a and of end 61b to the external surface of the end part 61.
    In other words, according to this fifth conformation of the nozzle 60, the insert 62 comprises the end part 61.
    FIG. 7 represents a nozzle 70 according to the invention in which the middle part 77 comprises an insert 72 which has another configuration.
    This insert 72 extends longitudinally beyond the downstream end 77a of the middle part 77 and this, over the entire length of the end part 71.
    The insert 72 also extends transversely from the internal surface of the axial passage 13 to the external surface of the middle part 77 but also from the internal surfaces of the frustoconical parts 71a and of end 71b to the external surface of the end part 71.
    As shown in Figure 7, the insert 72 consists of three portions 72a, 72b and 72c. These three portions 72a, 72b and 72c are all formed by a second dielectric material obtained from second compositions comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and at least one inorganic filler chosen from an inorganic filler A and a dielectric this inorganic filler B having a gradient of mass proportions of inorganic charge (s) in the fluorocarbon polymer matrix which increases by considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    second material
    In other words, the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B in the second composition of the portion 72a is less than that of the portion 72b, itself being less than that of the portion 72c , these different mass proportions remaining of course within the mass proportion intervals defined above as a function of the nature of the inorganic charge (s) A and / or B considered.
    More particularly advantageously, the fluorocarbon polymer (s) as well as the inorganic filler (s) A and / or B used in the second compositions from which the portions 72a, 72b and 72c of the insert 72 are obtained are identical.
    The electric arc blowing nozzles according to the invention, such as the nozzles 20, 30,
    40, 50, 60 and 70 shown respectively in FIGS. 2 to 7, can completely be transposed into conventional nozzle structures. In other words, the middle parts 27, 37, 47, 57, 67 and 77 and, where appropriate, the end parts
    41, 51, 61 and 71 can respectively replace the middle part 7 and, if necessary, the end part 11 of the nozzle 5 shown in FIG. 1, without any modification of the dimensions of the various constituent parts of these nozzles.
    However, nothing prohibits extending, in the longitudinal direction, the middle part forming the neck with a length which can go as far as reaching the relative length of the insert in said middle part. In such a case, a proportional increase can be made in the travel of the arcing contacts 1 and 3.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Electric arc blowing nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) for circuit breaker comprising:
    - A middle part (27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77) forming a neck internally delimiting an axial passage (13) of electric arc breaking and formed by a first dielectric material obtained from a first composition comprising a fluorocarbon polymer matrix,
    - two end parts (9, 11, 41,
    51) extending on either side of the central part (27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77) and being respectively intended to receive arcing contacts (1) and (3) axially displaceable l relative to each other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts (1) and (3) are separated from each other and a closed position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts (1) and (3) are in contact with each other and in which one of the arcing contacts (3) closes the axial passage (13) of the middle part (27, 37 , 47, 57, 67, 77), an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the axial passage (13) of the middle part (27, 37, 47, 57, 67,
    77) to cut an electric arc likely to form during the displacement of the arcing contacts (1) and '3:
    from the closed position the open position of the circuit breaker, characterized in that the nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) comprises an insert (22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72) delimiting a downstream area (22a) of the axial passage (13) of the middle part (27, 37, 47,
    57, 67, 77) considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas, the insert (22, 32, 42, 52,
    62, 72) being formed by a second dielectric material, distinct from the first dielectric material and chosen from:
    a composite material obtained from a second composition comprising a matrix of fluorocarbon polymer and:
    . at least one inorganic filler A chosen from a sulphide, a ceramic and an oxide with the exception of Al2O3, in a mass proportion of between 0.1% and 10%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and / or . at least one inorganic filler B chosen from AI2O3, a graphite, a mica, a glass and a fluoride, preferably CaF2, in a mass proportion of between 5% and 50%, relative to the total mass of the second composition, and
    - a ceramic material obtained from a third composition comprising at least one compound chosen from a carbide, a boride and an oxide.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1, in which the inorganic filler A is chosen from M0S2, Sb2Ss, Sb2S 3 , BN, S1O2, T1O2,
    AI2C0O4, ZnO, BaTiO 3 , P2O5 and Bi 2 O3-ZnO-Nb2O 3 , preferably BN and S1O2.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A is between 0.2% and 5% and, preferably, between 0.5% and 3%, relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) B is between 10% and 30% and, preferably, between 15% and 25%, relative to the total mass of the second composition.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Nozzle (70) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the composite material has a gradient of mass proportions of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B in the matrix of fluorocarbon polymer which increases in the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1, in which the compound of the third composition is chosen from SiC, ZrC, HfC, ZrB 2 , HfB 2 , SiO 2 and ZrO 2 .
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 1 or 6, in which the third composition further comprises at least one inorganic filler, preferably SiC in the case where the compound does not is not itself SiC.
    1 'a
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, any of the claims
    60, 70) according to
    1 to 7, in which the first composition also comprises at least one inorganic filler C in a mass proportion, relative to the total mass of the first composition, of less than or equal to 10%, except in the event that the inorganic filler C is chosen from inorganic fillers A and / or B, in which case the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) C is strictly less than the mass proportion of inorganic filler (s) A and / or B of the second composition.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to claim 8, in which the inorganic filler C is chosen from M0S2 and AI2C0O4.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which the first composition does not comprise an inorganic filler.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1
    10, in which the fluorocarbon polymer of the first and from a second composition is chosen polytetrafluoroethylene, a copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, a polyvinylidene fluoride and is preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which the length of the insert (22, 32, 42, 52, 62,
    72) present in the middle part (27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77) represents at most 30%, advantageously between 1% and 15% and, preferably, between 5% and 10% of the total length of the part median (27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Nozzle (30, 50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in which the insert (32, 52, 62, 72) forms a section of the part
    median (37, 57 , 67, 77). 14. Nozzle (30, 40, 50, 60 , 70) according to one any of claims 1 to 13, in which 1 insert (32, 42, 52, 62, 72) extends to end swallows (37a, 47a, 57a, 67a, 77a) of the middle part (37, 47, 57, 67, 77). 15. Nozzle (40, 50 , 60, 70) according to the claim 14, in which 1 '' insert (42, 52) extends beyond of The end swallow (47a, 57a) of the middle part (47, 57, 67, 77 ) in at least one area
    of the internal peripheral surface of the end part (41, 51, 61, 71) disposed downstream while considering the direction of flow of the electric arc breaking gas, the internal peripheral surface advantageously being of frustoconical shape.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    16. Nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in which the end part (9) disposed upstream and, if necessary, at least a portion of the end part (11, 41, 51) disposed downstream are formed by the first dielectric material, the arrangement upstream and downstream of the end parts (9, 11, 41, 51) being considered in the direction flow of the electric arc breaking gas.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    17. Nozzle (50, 60, 70) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a sheath (54) disposed on the external surface of each of the two end parts (9, 51) and of the middle part (57) forming a neck.
    including
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    18. High circuit breaker
    - at least two arcing contacts (axially displaceable, one with respect to voltage
    D and (3) the other, between an open position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts (1) and (3) are separated from each other and a closed position of the circuit breaker in which the arcing contacts (1) and (3) are in contact with each other,
    - an electric arc blowing nozzle (20, 30, 40, 50) as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 17, and
    - an electric arc breaking gas circulating in the axial passage (13) of the middle part (27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77)
    40, 50, 60, 70) for cutting from the nozzle (20, 30, an electric arc capable of forming when the arcing contacts (1) and (3) are moved from the closed position to the position of circuit breaker opening.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    19. The circuit breaker according to claim 18, in which the electric arc breaking gas consists of carbon dioxide CO2 or
    5 sulfur hexafluoride SFê or is a gas mixture mainly comprising CO2.
    S. 59468
    1/4
    9 7 11
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3053524B1|2018-08-10|
    US10692673B2|2020-06-23|
    HUE051717T2|2021-03-29|
    EP3479390B1|2020-07-29|
    US20190214207A1|2019-07-11|
    CA3027618A1|2018-01-04|
    EP3479390A1|2019-05-08|
    WO2018001798A1|2018-01-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE4111932A1|1991-04-12|1992-10-15|Asea Brown Boveri|Nozzle in gas blast circuit breaker - has neck with alternating fluoro:polymer and boron nitride-filled fluoro:polymer layers in outer sleeve and at right angles to breaker axis|
    DE102006031217A1|2006-06-30|2008-01-03|Siemens Ag|Blowing nozzle for high voltage circuit breaker, has contact unit, projects in blowing nozzle channel during switching operation, where wall limiting channel is partly formed from incineration resistant material|
    WO2015039918A1|2013-09-18|2015-03-26|Abb Technology Ag|High-voltage circuit breaker with improved robustness|
    JPS57202003A|1981-06-03|1982-12-10|Hitachi Ltd|Sf6 gas insulating electric device and method of producing same|
    DE29607660U1|1996-04-22|1996-06-20|Siemens Ag|Circuit breaker unit of a high voltage circuit breaker|
    DE19645524A1|1996-11-05|1998-05-07|Abb Research Ltd|Circuit breaker|
    FR2774503B1|1998-02-02|2000-04-07|Gec Alsthom T & D Sa|MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAVING A TRANSMISSION BELT CLOSED AROUND TWO PINIONS|
    DE19809088C1|1998-02-25|1999-09-30|Siemens Ag|High-voltage circuit breaker with an insulating nozzle|
    DE102006034742A1|2006-07-24|2008-01-31|Siemens Ag|Insulating nozzle comprising a first material and a second material|
    DE102009009452A1|2009-02-13|2010-08-19|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Switchgear assembly with a switching path|EP3349234B1|2017-01-17|2020-11-18|General Electric Technology GmbH|An electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
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    CN108711530B|2018-05-23|2019-12-06|河南平高电气股份有限公司|Functionally gradient arc extinguishing nozzle and preparation method thereof|
    EP3739609A1|2019-05-14|2020-11-18|ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG|Nozzle for a circuit breaker, circuit breaker, and method of 3d printing a nozzle for a circuit breaker|
    法律状态:
    2017-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-01-05| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180105 |
    2018-06-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-05-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-05-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1656086A|FR3053524B1|2016-06-29|2016-06-29|ELECTRIC ARC BLOWING NOZZLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING SUCH A NOZZLE|
    FR1656086|2016-06-29|FR1656086A| FR3053524B1|2016-06-29|2016-06-29|ELECTRIC ARC BLOWING NOZZLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPRISING SUCH A NOZZLE|
    PCT/EP2017/065130| WO2018001798A1|2016-06-29|2017-06-20|An electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
    HUE17734672A| HUE051717T2|2016-06-29|2017-06-20|An electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
    CA3027618A| CA3027618A1|2016-06-29|2017-06-20|An electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
    EP17734672.3A| EP3479390B1|2016-06-29|2017-06-20|An electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
    US16/312,622| US10692673B2|2016-06-29|2017-06-21|Electric arc-blast nozzle and a circuit breaker including such a nozzle|
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